The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence.
Identifieur interne : 000455 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000454; suivant : 000456The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence.
Auteurs : Emanuele Preti [Italie] ; Valentina Di Mattei [Italie] ; Gaia Perego [Italie] ; Federica Ferrari [Italie] ; Martina Mazzetti [Italie] ; Paola Taranto [Italie] ; Rossella Di Pierro [Italie] ; Fabio Madeddu [Italie] ; Raffaella Calati [Italie, France]Source :
- Current psychiatry reports [ 1535-1645 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Anxiété (psychologie), Anxiété (étiologie), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Dépression (psychologie), Dépression (étiologie), Enfant (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola (épidémiologie), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (psychologie), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Mâle (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Personnel de santé (psychologie), Pneumopathie virale (psychologie), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), Santé mentale (MeSH), Stress psychologique (étiologie), Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil (psychologie), Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil (étiologie), Épidémies de maladies (MeSH).
- MESH :
- psychologie : Anxiété, Dépression, Infections à coronavirus, Personnel de santé, Pneumopathie virale, Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil.
- épidémiologie : Fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola, Grippe humaine, Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- étiologie : Anxiété, Dépression, Stress psychologique, Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil.
- Betacoronavirus, Enfant, Femelle, Humains, Mâle, Pandémies, Santé mentale, Épidémies de maladies.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Anxiety (etiology), Anxiety (psychology), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Child (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (psychology), Depression (etiology), Depression (psychology), Disease Outbreaks (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Health Personnel (psychology), Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola (epidemiology), Humans (MeSH), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Male (MeSH), Mental Health (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pneumonia, Viral (psychology), Psychological Distress (MeSH), Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (etiology), Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (psychology), Stress, Psychological (etiology).
- MESH :
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Influenza, Human, Pneumonia, Viral.
- etiology : Anxiety, Depression, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Stress, Psychological.
- psychology : Anxiety, Coronavirus Infections, Depression, Health Personnel, Pneumonia, Viral, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders.
- Betacoronavirus, Child, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pandemics, Psychological Distress.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We aim to provide quantitative evidence on the psychological impact of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks (i.e., SARS, MERS, COVID-19, ebola, and influenza A) on healthcare workers (HCWs).
RECENT FINDINGS
Forty-four studies are included in this review. Between 11 and 73.4% of HCWs, mainly including physicians, nurses, and auxiliary staff, reported post-traumatic stress symptoms during outbreaks, with symptoms lasting after 1-3 years in 10-40%. Depressive symptoms are reported in 27.5-50.7%, insomnia symptoms in 34-36.1%, and severe anxiety symptoms in 45%. General psychiatric symptoms during outbreaks have a range comprised between 17.3 and 75.3%; high levels of stress related to working are reported in 18.1 to 80.1%. Several individual and work-related features can be considered risk or protective factors, such as personality characteristics, the level of exposure to affected patients, and organizational support. Empirical evidence underlines the need to address the detrimental effects of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks on HCWs' mental health. Recommendations should include the assessment and promotion of coping strategies and resilience, special attention to frontline HCWs, provision of adequate protective supplies, and organization of online support services.
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z
PubMed: 32651717
PubMed Central: PMC7350408
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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last="Madeddu">Fabio Madeddu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calati, Raffaella" sort="Calati, Raffaella" 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first="Emanuele" last="Preti">Emanuele Preti</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy. emanuele.preti@unimib.it.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy. emanuele.preti@unimib.it.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Mattei, Valentina" sort="Di Mattei, Valentina" uniqKey="Di Mattei V" first="Valentina" last="Di Mattei">Valentina Di Mattei</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 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Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazzetti, Martina" sort="Mazzetti, Martina" uniqKey="Mazzetti M" first="Martina" last="Mazzetti">Martina Mazzetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taranto, Paola" sort="Taranto, Paola" uniqKey="Taranto P" first="Paola" last="Taranto">Paola Taranto</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Pierro, Rossella" sort="Di Pierro, Rossella" uniqKey="Di Pierro R" first="Rossella" last="Di Pierro">Rossella Di Pierro</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madeddu, Fabio" sort="Madeddu, Fabio" uniqKey="Madeddu F" first="Fabio" last="Madeddu">Fabio Madeddu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calati, Raffaella" sort="Calati, Raffaella" uniqKey="Calati R" first="Raffaella" last="Calati">Raffaella Calati</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, 4 Rue du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029, Nimes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, 4 Rue du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029, Nimes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Nîmes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Current 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(psychologie)</term><term>Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil (étiologie)</term><term>Épidémies de maladies (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola</term><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anxiety</term><term>Depression</term><term>Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders</term><term>Stress, Psychological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anxiété</term><term>Dépression</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Personnel de santé</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term><term>Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anxiety</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Depression</term><term>Health Personnel</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anxiété</term><term>Dépression</term><term>Stress psychologique</term><term>Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Child</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Mental Health</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Psychological Distress</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Santé mentale</term><term>Épidémies de maladies</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PURPOSE OF REVIEW</b></p><p>We aim to provide quantitative evidence on the psychological impact of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks (i.e., SARS, MERS, COVID-19, ebola, and influenza A) on healthcare workers (HCWs).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RECENT FINDINGS</b></p><p>Forty-four studies are included in this review. Between 11 and 73.4% of HCWs, mainly including physicians, nurses, and auxiliary staff, reported post-traumatic stress symptoms during outbreaks, with symptoms lasting after 1-3 years in 10-40%. Depressive symptoms are reported in 27.5-50.7%, insomnia symptoms in 34-36.1%, and severe anxiety symptoms in 45%. General psychiatric symptoms during outbreaks have a range comprised between 17.3 and 75.3%; high levels of stress related to working are reported in 18.1 to 80.1%. Several individual and work-related features can be considered risk or protective factors, such as personality characteristics, the level of exposure to affected patients, and organizational support. Empirical evidence underlines the need to address the detrimental effects of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks on HCWs' mental health. Recommendations should include the assessment and promotion of coping strategies and resilience, special attention to frontline HCWs, provision of adequate protective supplies, and organization of online support services.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32651717</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>17</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1535-1645</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>22</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Current psychiatry reports</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Curr Psychiatry Rep</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>43</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="PURPOSE OF REVIEW">We aim to provide quantitative evidence on the psychological impact of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks (i.e., SARS, MERS, COVID-19, ebola, and influenza A) on healthcare workers (HCWs).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RECENT FINDINGS">Forty-four studies are included in this review. Between 11 and 73.4% of HCWs, mainly including physicians, nurses, and auxiliary staff, reported post-traumatic stress symptoms during outbreaks, with symptoms lasting after 1-3 years in 10-40%. Depressive symptoms are reported in 27.5-50.7%, insomnia symptoms in 34-36.1%, and severe anxiety symptoms in 45%. General psychiatric symptoms during outbreaks have a range comprised between 17.3 and 75.3%; high levels of stress related to working are reported in 18.1 to 80.1%. Several individual and work-related features can be considered risk or protective factors, such as personality characteristics, the level of exposure to affected patients, and organizational support. Empirical evidence underlines the need to address the detrimental effects of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks on HCWs' mental health. Recommendations should include the assessment and promotion of coping strategies and resilience, special attention to frontline HCWs, provision of adequate protective supplies, and organization of online support services.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Preti</LastName><ForeName>Emanuele</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy. emanuele.preti@unimib.it.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy. emanuele.preti@unimib.it.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Mattei</LastName><ForeName>Valentina</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perego</LastName><ForeName>Gaia</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferrari</LastName><ForeName>Federica</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mazzetti</LastName><ForeName>Martina</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taranto</LastName><ForeName>Paola</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Pierro</LastName><ForeName>Rossella</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Madeddu</LastName><ForeName>Fabio</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Calati</LastName><ForeName>Raffaella</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, 4 Rue du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029, Nimes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Curr Psychiatry Rep</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100888960</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1523-3812</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001007" MajorTopicYN="N">Anxiety</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003863" MajorTopicYN="N">Depression</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004196" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Outbreaks</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006282" MajorTopicYN="N">Health Personnel</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019142" MajorTopicYN="N">Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008603" MajorTopicYN="N">Mental Health</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000079225" MajorTopicYN="Y">Psychological Distress</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007319" MajorTopicYN="N">Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013315" MajorTopicYN="N">Stress, Psychological</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Epidemic</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Healthcare workers</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Mental health</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemic</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Psychological distress</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32651717</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7350408</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>Italie</li></country><region><li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li><li>Lombardie</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li></region><settlement><li>Milan</li><li>Nîmes</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Italie"><region name="Lombardie"><name 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